Monogenic inheritance

    Monogenic inheritance is a type of inheritance when a hereditary trait is controlled by a single gene. The laws of monogenic inheritance were studied by the prominent scientist G. Mendel. He experimentally substantiated the existence of heredity units (hereditary traits, hereditary factors) and described their important properties: discreteness, stability, and specificity of the allelic state.

    The hybridological method (a hybrid is a combination) was a fundamentally new concept introduced by G. Mendel into the study of inheritance.
    Analyzing the results of mono- and hybrid crosses of peas, he concluded that:

1) the development of hereditary traits depends on the transmission of hereditary factors to the offspring;

2) the hereditary units that control the development of a particular trait are paired: one comes from the father, the other from the mother; in functional terms, the factors have the properties of dominant and recessive traits; the dominant trait is manifested, the recessive trait does not manifest itself in a single dose;

3) hereditary factors are transmitted in a number of generations without losing their individuality, i.e. are characterized by stability;

4) in the process of formation of germ cells, paired allelic (forms, states) genes are transferred to different gametes (the law of gamete purity); such pairs are restored as a result of fertilization;

5) maternal and paternal organisms are equally involved in the transmission of their hereditary factors to offspring.

The rules (laws) of inheritance formulated by G. Mendel are based on these principles.

These principles are the basis for the rules (laws) of inheritance formulated by G. Mendel.

Mendelian human characteristics.

    The general laws of heredity are the same for all living things. Human beings are characterized by well-known types of inheritance: dominant and recessive, autosomal and linked to sex chromosomes.  There are more than 100 types of metabolic abnormalities in humans that are inherited according to the Mendelian monohybrid scheme, such as galactosemia, phenylketonuria, various forms of hemoglobinopathy, and others.

    Mendelian human traits are traits that are subject to or inherited according to the laws established by G. Mendel. Monogenic diseases are hereditary diseases that are determined by a single gene, i.e. when the manifestation of the disease is determined by the interaction of allelic genes, one of which dominates the other.